What are the challenges of enforcing contracts in China?

On Behalf of | May 15, 2025 | Business Issues

Dealing with contract enforcement in China can feel complicated. If you’re involved in business between California and China, knowing the common challenges can help you plan better. Here’s what you should watch out for when enforcing contracts in China.

Different legal system

China’s legal system operates differently from the U.S. It’s based on civil law rather than common law, which affects how contracts are interpreted and enforced. You might find that Chinese courts focus more on written laws and regulations than on past decisions.

Enforcement delays

Even when courts rule in your favor, enforcement can take time. Local courts may delay or resist enforcing judgments, especially if the other party has influence. This can make collecting damages or forcing contract terms harder than expected.

Limited discovery process

The discovery process in China is more limited than in the U.S. You might struggle to obtain all the evidence needed to prove your case. This can affect your ability to build a strong argument for enforcement.

Language and cultural barriers

Language differences and cultural norms impact how contracts are drafted and enforced. Misunderstandings or vague contract terms can lead to disputes. It’s important to work with professionals who understand both legal systems.

Jurisdiction issues

Determining which court has jurisdiction over a contract dispute can be tricky. Contracts involving Chinese parties may need to specify which country’s laws apply and where disputes will be resolved.

Tips for dealing with enforcement challenges

To protect your interests, draft clear contracts with choice of law and jurisdiction clauses. Consider arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution method, since it’s often more efficient in cross-border cases.